Sztuczna inteligencja w opiece nad pacjentami wielochorobowymi: przegląd systematyczny możliwości; wyzwań i ograniczeń
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15611/pn.2025.3.03Słowa kluczowe:
wielochorobowość, sztuczna inteligencja, przegląd systematyczny, PRISMAAbstrakt
Cel: W niniejszym badaniu określono rolę sztucznej inteligencji we wspieraniu pacjentów z wielochorobowością w podstawowej opiece zdrowotnej oraz zbadano związane z tym możliwości, wyzwania i ograniczenia.
Metodyka: Przeprowadzono systematyczne wyszukiwanie literatury w bazach Scopus, Web of Science i PubMed, używając terminów związanych ze sztuczną inteligencją i wielochorobowością w podstawowej opiece zdrowotnej. Po wstępnej selekcji 53 artykuły spełniły kryteria włączenia i zostały przeanalizowane zgodnie z wytycznymi PRISMA.
Wyniki: AI ma potencjał, aby usprawnić opiekę nad pacjentami z wielochorobowością poprzez wspieranie personalizacji leczenia, pomoc w podejmowaniu decyzji klinicznych, wykorzystanie wirtualnych asystentów zdrowotnych oraz ułatwianie skoordynowanej opieki dzięki monitorowaniu, analizie danych i ukierunkowanym interwencjom. Jednak jej zastosowanie pozostaje ograniczone ze względu na niską jakość danych, interakcje między chorobami, niską interpretowalność modeli i niedostateczną reprezentację populacji wielochorobowych w danych szkoleniowych. W rezultacie rola sztucznej inteligencji we wspieraniu pacjentów z wielochorobowością pozostaje ograniczona, a potencjalne korzyści nie są w pełni wykorzystywane.
Implikacje i rekomendacje: Wykorzystanie potencjału sztucznej inteligencji w leczeniu pacjentów z wielochorobowością wymaga rozwiązania problemów technicznych, etycznych, klinicznych i systemowych. Badania muszą priorytetowo traktować opracowywanie reprezentatywnych zbiorów danych i interpretowalnych modeli, które odzwierciedlają złożoność chorób wielonarządowych, aby pomóc w zapewnieniu skoordynowanej opieki skoncentrowanej na pacjencie.
Oryginalność/wartość: Niniejsza analiza pokazuje ograniczoną integrację sztucznej inteligencji w opiece nad osobami cierpiącymi na wiele schorzeń, podkreślając potrzebę posiadania wysokiej jakości danych i modeli umożliwiających interpretację. Wskazuje ona kluczowe wyzwania, które należy pokonać, aby przekształcić sztuczną inteligencję z koncepcyjnej obietnicy w praktyczne wsparcie dla osób z wieloma chorobami przewlekłymi.
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Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Liliana Hawrysz
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Miedzynarodowe.
Accepted 2025-07-28
Published 2025-10-07
