Mapping Strategies of Net Working Capital in the Energy Sector in Poland – Transformation Perspective
Keywords:
net working capital, net working capital management strategies, energy, cash conversion cycle, energy sector transformationAbstract
The aim of the article is to identify net working capital management strategies used in the energy sector. The analysis covered all companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange under the WIG-Energy industry index. The study was conducted on the basis of financial reports for 2022-2023, with data from the latest reported quarters, i.e. Q1 and Q2 of year 2023, used in strategy mapping. The ratio analysis method was used with reference to industry indicators, and the dynamics of changes in the examined indicators was taken into account. The research results indicate that currently energy entities mainly use agressive strategies (64%). The sector's net working capital forecast indicates that the strong growth trend that has been seen since 2020 will gradually begin to slow down from 2023. As a result of using the indicator mapping technique, significant concentration of indictors can be noted in the sector, with only two entities differing from the rest of the sector in this regard.
References
Abuhommous, A. A., and Mashoka, T. (2018). A Dynamic Approach to Accounts Receivable: The Case of Jordanian Firms. Eurasian Business Review, 8, 171-191. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2017-0019
Adam, A. M., Quansah, E., and Kawor, S. (2017). Working Capital Management Policies and Returns of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Ghana. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 64, 255-69. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN161206027A
Adam, A. M., and Quansah, E. (2019). Effects of Working Capital Management Policies on Shareholders' Value: Evidence from Listed Manufacturing Firms in Ghana. Panoeconomicus, 66, 659-86. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN161206027A
Afrifa, G. A., and Berchie. S. (2019). Inventory Holding and UK SMEs' Performance. International Journal of Business Performance Management, 20(1), 16-33. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBPM.2019.10016635
Barac, Z. A., and Muminovic, S. (2018). Working Capital Management - Efficient Tool for Success of Milk Producers: True or False? New Medit, 17(2), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.30682/nm1802e
Cardoso, J., Silva, V., and Eusebio, D. (2019). Techno-Economic Analysis of a Biomass Gasification Power Plant Dealing with Forestry Residues Blends for Electricity Production in Portugal. Journal of Cleaner Production, 212, 741-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.054
Chang, Ch. (2018). Cash Conversion Cycle and Corporate Performance: Global Evidence. International Review of Economics & Finance, 56, 568-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2017.12.014
Chauhan, G. S. (2019). Are Working Capital Decisions Truly Short-Term in Nature? Journal of Business Research, 99, 238-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.02.032
Chen, Ch. i Kieschnick, R. (2018). Bank Credit and Corporate Working Capital Management. Journal of Corporate Finance, 48, 579-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.12.013
Czapiewski, L., and Kubiak, J. (2008). Metody identyfikacji strategii kapitału obrotowego. Zeszyty Naukowe, Akademia Ekonomiczna w Poznaniu, (106), 20-42. https://bazekon.uek.krakow.pl/zeszyty/153252799
Falavigna, G., and Ippoliti, R. (2020). The Impact of Institutional Performance on Payment Dynamics: Evidence from the Italian Manufacturing Industry. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 21(5), 1285-306. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.13195
Fernando, J. (2022). Working Capital: Formula, Components, and Limitations. Investopedia. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/workingcapital.asp
Frimpong, S. (2018). Working Capital Management Policies and Value Creation of Listed Non-Financial Firms in Ghana: A Panel FMOLS Analysis. Business and Economic Horizons, 14, 725-742. https://doi.org/10.15208/beh.2018.51
Heryan, T. (2020). Managers of Tourism Companies Can No Longer Expect Any Financial Support from Company Owners: Different Working Capital Management Due to the Global Financial Crisis. E & M Ekonomie a Management, 23(1), 50-59. https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2020-1-004
Hoang, H. C., Xiao, Q., and Akbar, S. (2019). Trade Credit, Firm Profitability, and Financial Constraints Evidence from Listed SMEs in East Asia and the Pacific. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 15(5), 744-770. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-09-2018-0258
Kabuye, F., Kato, J. Akugizibwe, I., and Bugambiro, N. (2019). Internal Control Systems, Working Capital Management and Financial Performance of Supermarkets. Cogent Business & Management, 6(1), Artykuł 1573524. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1573524
Kayani, U. N., De Silva. T. A., and Gan, Ch. (2019). A Systematic Literature Review on Working Capital Management - An Identification of New Avenues. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 11(3), 352-366. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-05-2018-0062
Kent, B. H., Pandey, N., Kumar, S., and Haldar, A. (2020). A Bibliometric Analysis of Board Diversity: Current Status, Development, and Future Research Directions. Journal of Business Research, 108, 232-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.025
Kieschnick, R., and Rotenberg, W. (2016). Working Capital Management, the Credit Crisis, and Hedging Strategies: Canadian Evidence. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 27(2), 208-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/jifm.12049
Kuciński, A. (2017). Strategie zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym netto w przedsiębiorstwie na przykładzie wybranych spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie. Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim, 75-87. https://depot.ceon.pl/handle/123456789/15202
Kuciński, A. (2018). Statyczna ocena płynności finansowej przedsiębiorstwa - ujęcie teoretyczne. Przedsiębiorstwo we Współczesnej Gospodarce - Teoria I Praktyka, (2), 93-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19253/reme.201.02.007
Lorentz, H., Solakivi, T., Toyli, J., and Lauri O. (2016). Trade Credit Dynamics during the Phases of the Business Cycle - A Value Chain Perspective. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 21(3), 363-80. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-08-2015-0307
Maity, B., Suresh, V., and Baidya, M. K. (2019). Performance of Indian Cement Industry: Drivers, Models and Empirics. Global Economy Journal, 19(2), Artykuł 1950009. https://doi.org/10.1142/S219456591950009X
Martinho, V. J. P. D. (2021). Food and Consumer Attitude(s): An Overview of the Most Relevant Documents. Agriculture, 11(12), Artykuł 1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121183
Masri, H., and Abdulla, Y. (2018). A Multiple Objective Stochastic Programming Model for Working Capital Management. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 131, 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.006
Michalski, G., Blendinger, G., Rozsa, Z., Cierniak-Emerych, A., Svidronova, M., Buleca, J., and Bulsara, H. (2018). Can We Determine Debt To Equity Levels In Non-Profit Organisations? Answer Based On Polish Case. Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 29(5), 526-535.
Migliaccio, G., and Tucci, L. (2019). Economic Assets and Financial Performance of Italian Wine Companies. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 32(3), 325-352. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWBR-04-2019-0026
Monastyrenko, E. (2017). Eco-Efficiency Outcomes of Mergers and Acquisitions in the European Electricity Industry. Energy Policy, 107, 258-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.04.030
Moussa, A. A. (2018). The Impact of Working Capital Management on Firms' Performance and Value: Evidence from Egypt. Journal of Asset Management, 19(3), 259-273. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41260-018-0081-z
Nguyen, A. T. H., and Van Nguyen, T. (2018). Working Capital Management and Corporate Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam. Foundations of Management, 10(1), 195-206. https://doi.org/10.2478/fman-2018-0015
Nobanee, H., and Dilshad, M. N. (2021). A Bibliometric Analysis on Working Capital Management: Current Status, Development, and Future Directions. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(2). https://www.abacademies.org/abstract/a-bibliometric-analysis-on-working-capital-management-current-status-development-and-future-directions-11053.html
Obwieszczenie Ministra Klimatu I Środowiska z dnia 2 marca 2021 r. w sprawie polityki energetycznej państwa do 2040 r. (Monitor Polski 2021 poz. 264)
Pais, M. A., and Gama, P. M. (2015). Working Capital Management and SMEs Profitability: Portuguese Evidence. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 11(3), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-11-2014-0170
Paul, S. Y., Guermat, Ch., and Devi, S. (2018). Why Do Firms Invest in Accounts Receivable? An Empirical Investigation of the Malaysian Manufacturing Sector. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 8(2), 166-184. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-01-2017-0005
Pham, K. X., Nguyen, Q. N., and Van Nguyen, C. (2020). Effect of Working Capital Management on the Profitability of Steel Companies on Vietnam Stock Exchanges. Journal of Asian Finance Economics and Business, 7(10), 741-750. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.n10.741
Poluyanov, V. P., and Palamarchuk, N. S. (2017). Integrated Assessment of the Policy of Working Capital Management in Housing and Utilities Enterprises. Economy of Region, 13(2), 489-499. https://economyofregion.com/archive/ 2017/65/2938/
Prempeh, K. B., and Peprah-Amankona, G. (2020). Does Working Capital Management Affect Profitability of Ghanaian Manufacturing Firms? Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, 23(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2020-0001
Riaz, Y., Shahab, Y., Bibi, R., and Zeb, Z. (2016). Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity and Financial Constraints: Evidence from Pakistan. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 5(3), 403-423. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJGBR-08-2015-0054
Sanchez, P., Rafael, A., and Chico, J.R. (2018). The Regional Distribution of the Enterprise Working Capital in Spain: Determining Factors. Revista De Estudios Regionales, 113, 71-100.
Tokarski, A., and Tokarski, M. (2006). Charakterystyka strategii finansowania działalności przedsiębiorstwa. In B. Kłosowska, A. Tokarski, M. Tokarski, E. Chojnacka, Strategie finansowania działalności przedsiębiorstw (pp. 42-45). Oficyna Ekonomiczna.
Zabolotnyy, S., and Sipilainen, T. (2020). A Comparison of Strategies for Working Capital Management of Listed Food Companies from Northern Europe. Agricultural and Food Science, 29(3), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.88257
Zimon, G., and Tarighi, H. (2021). Effects of the COVID-19 Global Crisis on the Working Capital Management Policy: Evidence from Poland. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(4), 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040169
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Monika Walicka
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Accepted 2023-12-21
Published 2024-06-20